August 5, 1864 Friday
“I am going into Mobile Bay in the morning if ‘God is my leader’ as I hope he is …” wrote Adm Farragut to his wife Aug 4. In the morning his Union fleet of eighteen ships including four monitors entered Mobile Bay, passing between the fearsome forts guarding the three-mile channel (
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/mobile-bay.html and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_Bay ). Adm Farragut had desired to launch the long-delayed attack since resuming command of his squadron in January. In addition to the stanchly armed Forts Gaines and Morgan were three small gunboats and the formidable C.S.S. Tennessee, said to be the most powerful ironclad afloat. Furthermore, only a narrow passage in the harbor channel remained unblocked by obstructions and torpedoes or mines. Farragut had his four ironclad monitors in the starboard column led by Tecumseh and fourteen wooden ships in the port column, with Brooklyn in the lead and Hartford as flag. At 5:30 A.M. the fleet moved in, and Fort Morgan opened on Brooklyn shortly after 7 A.M. Action became general between the Yankee navy and Fort Morgan (Gordon Granger had invested Fort Gaines on Aug 3).
The Confederate fleet joined in. U.S.S. Tecumseh headed for C.S.S. Tennessee. Then one or more torpedoes exploded under her. In seconds Tecumseh went down prow first, two hundred yards from the enemy. Shortly after this Adm Farragut, in the port rigging of Hartford, is said to have shouted, “Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead.” Regardless of just what he said, that is what the fleet did. There were anxious moments as Hartford took the van. However, the rest of the fleet passed the forts with minor loss. Three Federals rammed the sluggish Tennessee by midmorning. The Union monitors opened and Tennessee, rather vulnerable despite her armor, went out of control. Confederate Adm Franklin Buchanan suffered a broken leg. At 10 A.M., after heavy pounding, Tennessee surrendered. The Federals suffered 145 killed, including 93 drowned on Tecumseh, 170 wounded, and four captured. Confederate losses were 12 killed, 20 wounded, and 270 captured. U.S.S. Philippi was destroyed, C.S.S. Selma was forced to surrender, and C.S.S. Gaines was sunk.
Adm Farragut had again proven that ships could handle forts. Closing Mobile as a Confederate port set the stage for land operations against the city.
On the front along the Potomac River, northwest of Washington, skirmishing broke out at Keedysville, Williamsport, and Hagerstown as Confederates once more entered Maryland in a brief foray. A skirmish at Huttonsville, West Virginia also marked the minor fighting between Early’s men and the pursuing Federals. Sharp fighting along Utoy Creek near Atlanta further thwarted Schofield in his attempt to edge south of Atlanta along the western fringe. At Petersburg a Confederate mine exploded in front of the Federal Eighteenth Corps. Other skirmishing occurred at Cabin Point, Virginia; near Remount Camp, Arkansas; at Olive Branch, Doyal’s Plantation, and Concordia Bayou, Louisiana. The following appointments were made to Brigadier General: Philip Cook, CSA; Archibald Campbell Godwin, CSA; and Joseph Abel Haskin, USA.
The Radical Republican elements in Congress opened their campaign against President Lincoln. Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland and Sen Benjamin Wade of Ohio issued, in the New York Tribune, what became known as the Wade-Davis Manifesto. In answer to Lincoln’s proclamation on his pocket veto of the Radical reconstruction plan, the authors said, “it is their right and duty to check the encroachments of the Executive on the authority of Congress….” They accused Lincoln of personal ambition in refusing to sign the Wade-Davis bill. Also charging the President with attempting to make, not execute, the laws, they claimed “the authority of Congress is paramount and must be respected.”
President Lincoln receives July salary warrant for $1,981.67, reduced $101.66 by income tax enacted June 30, 1864.