Colonial Campaigns Club (CCC)

From El Dorado Vol IX, No 1 (MagWeb)

<center>A Documented Listing of
Spanish and British Units
Southern Theater of Operations:
American Revolution
5th Note: Spanish at Mobile

by Thomas E. DeVoe and Karl T. Martinsen</center>

On the 11th January 1780, Galvez reviewed his army of 754 men before they embarked for Mobile, his regulars included;

Regiment of the Prince 43 men
Regiment of Havana 50 men
Regiment of Louisiana 141 men
Royal Artillery Corps 14 men

In addition to the Regulars his army included;

Carabiniers 26 men
Militia (White) 323 men
Militia ( Mulattoes & Free Black) 107 men
Anglo-American Auxiliaries 26 men
Slaves 24 men

Galvez sailed for Mobile on the 28th January 1780 with 745 men in 11 ships, his force included Spanish Regulars with white, mulatto and black militia units. The Regulars were from the "Regiment of the Prince", "Havana", "Louisiana" and the "Royal Artillery Corps". Among the militia units were 26 North Americans.

The ships were made up of;

A Merchant Frigate The "Volante" a Frigate
4 Settees The "Venezuela" a Galliot
A Packet boat The "Galvez" a Brig (privately armed as a corsair )
2 Brigs The "Kaulican" a Kings Brig

On the 10th February, the authorities in Havana sent Galvez reinforcements, this was made up of 567 men of the "Regiment of Navarra" in 5 ships.

The figures that follow indicate the growth of Spanish strength in Louisiana, due to the exertions of Governor Bernardo de Galvez.

On the 1st June 1778, there were 412 regulars in the territory, 25 more were on their way to Mexico, by January 1779, the number had been increased to 510, including 10 artillerymen. Reinforcements of 153 men from the Canary Islands and 106 from Mexico brought the total of men up to almost 750 by July 1779, 300 of these regulars were actually "raw recruits".

According to a census, there were 136 militiamen at New Orleans in 1777, and 302 in 1778, by Galvez's report on the 1st January 1779 there was 17 militia companies in the territory with a total strength of 1,478 men.

On the 27th June 1779, the First Militia Company of the town of Galvez, contained 2 officers, 3 sergeants, 8 corporals and 49 privates, the officers were Lieutenant Agustin Brounet and 2nd Lieutenant Antonio Diaz. The Second Militia Company of the Town of Galvez contained 3 officer, 2 sergeants, 3 corporals and 25 privates, the officers were Captain Jayme Nicholson, Lieutenant Genero Nicholson, and 2nd Lieutenant Rufine Grey, this militia company was comprised of Anglo-Americans who had sought refuge in Louisiana during the early part of the Revolutionary War and founded Galveztown on the Iberville River.

Later in 1779, a company of 62 Canary Islanders was added at Galveztown, this unit was the second militia company to be raised at this place. The first company contained 33 Anglo-Americans with the names such as "Nicholson, Grey, Escot, Oaks, Dukenson, Devez, Parker, Beckley, Morris, Richard, Foster, Mackey, Myers, Runnells, Obryan and Fitz-Patrick".

(It would appear that with this fresh influx of manpower the original 2 companies were merged to create 2 reasonable sized companies. T.D.H.)

On the 27th August 1779, Galvez set out to attack Manchac with a small army of 667 men of "all sorts, nationalities and colors", his subordinates included Colonel Manuel Gonzales, Lt. Colonel Estevan Miro and Captain Jacinto Panis, his artillery officer was sick, and he had no engineers. Acting as an aide-de-camp was an American volunteer named Oliver Pollock, he classified as an agent of Virginia and of the Continental Congress. His troops included;

170 "Veteran soldiers"
330 "Recruits..from Mexico and the Canary Islands"
20 "Carabiniers"
60 "Militiamen and Habitants"
80 "Free blacks and Mulattoes"
7 "American Volunteers"
In September 1779, Lt. Colonel Alexander Dickson of the 16th Regiment of Foot, reported that 378 prisoners were taken at Baton Rouge, this number included officers and men of the Royal Artillery, 16th & 60th Regiments of Foot, the Waldeck Regiment, an Independent Company, and the Garrison Staff. Among his subordinates were Captain Francis Miller and Lieutenant John J. Graham, both of these being "experienced engineers".

These were;

Royal Artillery 1x 2nd Lieutenant, 1x Corporal, 1x Bombardier, 3x Gunners, 5x Mattrosses
16th Foot 1x Lt. Colonel, 1x Captain, 2x Lieutenants, 1x Ensign, 1x Adjutant, 1x Quartermaster, 1x Surgeon, 7x Sergeants, 6x Drummers, 120x Rank & File.
60th Foot 1x Lieutenant, 4x Rank & File
Waldeck Regiment 2x Captains, 3x Lieutenants, 3 Surgeon's mates, 8x Sergeants, 6x Drummers, 3 Servants, 176x Rank & File (2 Companies)
Independent Company 1x Captain, 1 Ensign, 1x Sergeant, 14x Rank & File
Garrison Staff 1x Commissary, 2x Assistant Surgeons
The terms of Lt. Colonel Dickson's surrender included Fort Panmure at Natchez, the garrison consisted of 80 men from the Waldeck Regiment, the grenadier company, the commander of the garrison was Captain Anthony Forster. Galvez sent Captain Juan Delavillebeuvre with 50 men to receive its surrender, he was accompanied by Captain Barber, a British officer who carried a letter from Dickson to Forster in which the terms of surrender of the fort was duly notified, with Foster directed to comply. This was carried out on the 5th October 1779, the prisoners taken at Fort Panmure, Natchez included; 1x Captain, 2x Lieutenants, 3x Sergeants, 2x Drummers, 54x Rank & File, and 13 women & children.

Lt. Colonel Dickson also reported that there were 24 prisoners captured at Manchac, 13 at Thompson's Creek, 12 at Amite, 1 on the Mississippi and 57 on the Lakes ("/o/n the Lakes) these were;

Manchac
16th Foot 1x Sergeant, 4x Rank & File
60th Foot 1x Lieutenant, 1x Sergeant, 11x Rank & File
Independent Company 1x Lieutenant, 1x Sergeant, 4x Rank & File
Thompson's Creek

16th Foot 1x Sergeant, 4x Rank & File
Waldeck Regiment 8x Rank & File
Amite

60th Foot 3x Sergeants, 1x Drummer, 7x Rank & File
Independent Company 1x Rank & File
On the Mississippi

16th Foot 1x Rank & File
On the Lakes

16th Foot 2x Rank & File
Waldeck Regiment 1x Captain (Alberti), 3x Sergeants, 1x Drummer, 1x Servant, 49x Rank & File
In his report Lt. Colonel Dickson stated that there had been 36 men killed, seriously wounded or dead since prisoners, they were 1 Rank & File of the Artillery had been wounded, of the 16th Foot 1 Rank & File had been killed, another wounded and 7 more had died since taken prisoners, Ensign Brock of the 3/60th Foot had been killed with Ensign Nolting and 1 Rank & File of the Waldeck Regiment had been killed, while Lieutenant Leonardi, 1 Surgeon's mate, 2 Sergeants and 19 Rank & File had died since taken prisoners. According to Dickson, 1 Officer, 1 Sergeant and 6 privates were "very slightly wounded", but "always fit for duty" and "not included in the above".

Galvez proceeded with his army to the German and Acadian coasts, there he raised the local militia companies and enlisted volunteers, by doing this he managed to recruit an extra 600 men, made up of "every class and color" and 160 Indians, with these additions his army strength was increased to 1,427 men.

In 1779, the Spanish commandant at St. Louis was Captain Fernando de Leyba, under his command was only 35 regulars, of these 15 men and a drummer were stationed at St. Louis, a corporal and 5 men were garrisoned at Fort Prince Charles on the mouth of the Missouri River, a lieutenant with 12 men were posted at Ste. Genevieve, or "Miseria".

The militia included "all able-bodied males between fourteen and fifty years of age", according to the census of the 31st December 1779, there were 226 men of this age group in St. Louis.

There were 2 militia companies at St. Louis, one of infantry the other of cavalry. On the 13th July 1779, Leyba reported to Galvez that the infantry company numbered 176 men, while the "newly formed" cavalry company contained 3 officers, 3 sergeants and 48 men.

By the 9th November 1779, the infantry company contained 168 officers and men, the officers were: Captain Juan Baptista Martigny, Lieutenant Benito Basquez (or Vasquez), Sublieutenant Pedro Montardy.

On the 25th December 1779, the cavalry company contained 3 officers and 48 men, the officers were; Captain Euxenie Pure (Eugene Pouree dit Beausoleil), Lieutenant Luis Chanchelier (Luis Chancolier), Sublieutenant Charles Tayon (Charles Michel dit Tayon or Taillon. "The uniform prescribed for the cavalry company consisted of coat and breeches red, cuffs, waistcoat, lapel and collar blue, buttons gilt".

The cavalry company was not a success, as most of the men could not afford horses, when mounted service was required horses were requisitioned from the inhabitants, although "There is no evidence that this company functioned as cavalry".

For the reasons cited above, the cavalry and infantry companies were combined, by the 5th July 1780, there was one militia company with a strength of 3 officers and 260 men, the officers being; Martigny, Basquez and Montardy.A second company was reformed sometime before August 1780, at that time the two militia companies had a total strength of 272 officers and men, this number rose to 318 in September, and 322 in October, by December, however, the total was down to 220 officers and men.

Early in 1780, the British garrison of Fort Charlotte at Mobile numbered more than 300 men, in addition to Artillerymen, Engineers, 21 Artificers and at least 56 Sailors, the garrison included troops from the following units:

4/60th Foot 4 Companies
United Provincial Corps of Pennsylvania and Maryland Loyalists (16 men)
Captain Walker's "Provincial Dragoons"
Captain Ree's Militia
( The last two units were part of a total of 52 local "volunteers", 15 of whom deserted during the siege. )

The garrison was under the command of Captain Elias Durnford, sometime Lieutenant Governor of the province. Besides the fighting men mentioned above, there were 55 non-combatants in the fort, including a chaplain, a commissary, a surgeon's mate and 52 negro servants ( these negroes may have been armed ) and workmen. Among Captain Durnford's 12 officers were Lieutenants Loup and Macdonald of the 4/60th Foot.

In a letter dated the 14th March 1780, Durnford informed Campbell that he had surrendered the garrison to Galvez , he reported that the number of killed, wounded and prisoners was 304.

With the capture of Mobile, Galvez made two slightly different lists of the prisoners that he had taken there.

In his Diary of the Expedition against Pensacola and Mobile.., he lists 285 prisoners made up of;

1 Captain, 2 Lieutenants, 2 Ensigns, 15 Sergeants and 78 Privates of the 60th Foot.
1 Sergeant, 1 Corporal, 2 Privates, 15 Artillerymen, and 1 Armourer of the "Maryland Corps.
Plus 2 Surgeons, 60 Sailors, 54 Habitants, and 51 Negroes.
On the 20th March 1780, Galvez made another list in which he reported 307 prisoners; 13 Officers, 113 Privates, 56 Sailors, 70 Hunters and Habitants, and 55 Armed Negroes.

On the 11th January 1780, Galvez reviewed his army of 754 men before they embarked for Mobile, his regulars included;

Regiment of the Prince 43 men
Regiment of Havana 50 men
Regiment of Louisiana 141 men
Royal Artillery Corps 14 men
In addition to the Regulars his army included;

Carabiniers 26 men
Militia (White) 323 men
Militia ( Mulattoes & Free Black) 107 men
Anglo-American Auxiliaries 26 men
Slaves 24 men
Galvez sailed for Mobile on the 28th January 1780 with 745 men in 11 ships, his force included Spanish Regulars with white, mulatto and black militia units. The Regulars were from the "Regiment of the Prince", "Havana", "Louisiana" and the "Royal Artillery Corps". Among the militia units were 26 North Americans.

The ships were made up of;

A Merchant Frigate The "Volante" a Frigate
4 Settees The "Venezuela" a Galliot
A Packet boat The "Galvez" a Brig (privately armed as a corsair )
2 Brigs The "Kaulican" a Kings Brig
On the 10th February, the authorities in Havana sent Galvez reinforcements, this was made up of 567 men of the "Regiment of Navarra" in 5 ships.

On the 26th May 1780, a "British" force from Michilimackinac attacked St. Louis, this expedition was led by Captain Emanuel Hesse, a "prominent" trader, he had served in the 60th (Royal American) Regiment. The attacking force included "English and French partisans" and a large number of Indians: Winipigoes, Sioux, Ottawa, Ochipwa, Iowa, and a few of the Outgamies, Sacks, Mascoutins, Kicapous and Pottowatamies. The total number of attackers has been variously stated; Lieutenant Governor Patrick Sinclair reported that 750 men "Traders, Servants and Indians" left Michilimackinac on the 2nd May. The Spanish, however, estimated the strength of Hesse's party as "one thousand two hundred men" made up of "three hundred regular troops and nine hundred savages". Two other statements say; "Captain Hesse's raiding party may have included 140 English and French traders", and "The entire force was probably about 950."

Matchikuis (or "Machiquawish"), an Ottawa, was given "chief command" of the Indians, the rank of General and a scarlet coat with epaulets, Matchikuis had led the Ottawa's who captured Michilimackinac in 1763. Matchikuis was accompanied by Sergeant J. F. Phillips of the 8th Foot, Lieutenant Governor Sinclair made Sergeant Phillips an acting Lieutenant. According to Lieutenant Governor Sinclair, the Sioux were "undebauched, addicted to War, & Jealously attached to His Majesty's Interest, their leader was the "illustrious" chief Wabasha who could muster 200 men.

The Spanish commandant at "San Luis de Ylinoises" was Captain Fernando de Leyba of the Infantry Regiment of Louisiana, at the time of the attack, St. Louis was garrisoned by 29 "veteran soldiers" and 281 "countrymen". This number included reinforcements from Ste. Genevieve, made up of 12 regulars and 60 militiamen, both units came under the command of Lieutenant Francisco de Cartabona.

On the 20th December 1780, there were two militia companies stationed at St. Louis, each company had 3 officers, 3 sergeants, 8 corporals and 96 enlisted men. The officers of the first company were; Captain Juan Baptista Martinez, Lieutenant Agustin Chouteau, and Sub-Lieutenant Pedro Montardy, the second company officers were; Captain Eugenio Pure, Lieutenant Luis Sanselier, Sub-Lieutenant Carlos Tayon

In 1784, there were three "Regular units" stationed in Louisiana and West Florida; the Louisiana Infantry Regiment, the Louisiana Dragoon Company, and a detachment of Artillery.

The Louisiana Infantry Regiment

It was organised in 1765-70, there were three Battalions by 1786, The uniform of this regiment was a "white coat with blue collar, cuffs and linings, with white buttons, a blue vest and blue breeches, a black ****ed hat with a white braid border and a red ****ade with a white loop and button". In the Americas, vests, linings and breeches were made of white cotton with only the collar and cuffs of regimental blue cloth, detachable when the white uniform was laundered. The heart-shaped white patches on the turnback points are not specified in the regulations, but are consistently shown in reputable reference works. The hat was a black tricorne with white lace and a red ****ade fastened by a yellow metallic loop. The stock and shirt were of white cotton, white canvas leggings were held up by black leather straps, while the shoes were of black cordovan. Hair was cut on the upper part of the head, turned up into a single curl at each side, powdered and gathered into a black-tied pigtail.

Organised in 1786, the 3rd Battalion was at first clothed in captured British red coats, until white ones could be sent from Spain.

The Louisiana Dragoon Company

This was organised in 1780, the men of this unit were drafted from the two Regular Dragoon Regiments stationed in Mexico, the company was posted at New Orleans. The Dragoons ".patrolled the coasts and highways to watch for and apprehend the runaway slaves called "cimarrones". In 1784, the Dragoon uniform consisted of a "blue coat with red cuffs and lapels, and yellow buttons, a red vest with blue breeches and cloak.

The Louisiana Artillery

This unit was organised in 1769, the men of this unit wore the uniform of the "Royal Corps of Artillery" which was; a "blue coat with red collar and cuffs, trimmed with broad gold lace, narrow gold lace on the collar and yellow buttons, red waistcoat trimmed with broad gold lace, blue breeches".

In 1784 the Louisiana militia uniform generally worn was a blue coat with red collar, cuffs and lapels, with yellow buttons, red waistcoat and blue breeches.

The "New Orleans Militia Battalion" was organised in June 1775, the uniform for this Battalion was of a "blue coat with red collar, cuffs and lapels, white lining, yellow buttons, a yellow lace loop on the collar, white waistcoat and breeches.

The uniform of the elite volunteer Militia Cavalry Company of Carabineers in 1784, consisted of a puce coloured coat with a white collar, cuffs and lapels, gold lace loops with gilt buttons, a white waistcoat and breeches, this unit was raised among the "gentry of New Orleans".

In 1770, Governor Alejandre O'Reilly organised an unspecified number of militia companies on the "German Coast", its uniform consisted of blue coats with red collars and lapels, yellow buttons, with yellow lace on the collar, white waistcoat and breeches.

In 1779, Captain Fernando de Leyba organised a militia cavalry company at St. Louis, the uniform worn was a red coat with blue collar, cuffs and lapels, with yellow buttons, a blue waistcoat with red breeches.

The firearm of these troops was the regulation flintlock fusil of 15 ball to the pound calibre, introduced in 1752, with a French designed lock manufactured in Spain, this model was in use until 1791. An original that is still in existence has an overall length of 60 inches, it has the name "F. Larroja" on the lock plate, it has a brass ornamental stock plate, trigger guard, flash pan and the top and bottom barrel rings are also of brass, all other metal parts are white, while the rifle sling was made of buckskin.

A straight, broad-based bayonet was suspended at the soldier's left side, while non-coms and grenadiers carried in addition a short, curved sabre with a yellow metal guard and a black leather scabbard. In 1779, buckskin cross-belting with a plain black cartridge box at the right hip came into use again.

The Battalion Fijo de la Louisiana was first garrisoned at New Orleans in November 1769. It was organised into 8 fusilier and 1 grenadier companies, each company having; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, 1x drummer, 64 corporals and soldiers. In 1777 it was decided to make it into a Regiment and in 1780 a 2nd Battalion was organised on the same lines as the first. It was the 2nd Battalion which helped capture Mobile and Pensacola and left men to garrison these positions, the 1st Battalion had detachments that fought at; La Baliza, San Bernardo, Fuerte del Estero de San Juan, Valenzuela, Galvestown, Fuerte Butle de Manchac, Baton Rouge, Punta Cortada, Atacapas, Nueva Iberia, Nachitoches, Natchez, Arkansa, Santa Genoveva, San Luis de Ilinois.

The Artillery of New Orleans was organised in 1769, in 1785 it was composed of 2x captains, 1x sublieutenant, 1x sergeant, 12 gunners.

The Dragoons of New Orleans was created as a company in 1780 using men from the cavalry regiments "Dragones de Espa#65533;a" and the "Dragones de M#65533;xico", it was composed of; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 2x sergeants, 1x drummer ("Tambor", would this have been a trumpeter rather than a drummer, I personally would go with a trumpeter.), 25 corporals and troopers.

The Militia Battalion of New Orleans, started out as 5 separate companies in 1770, each company having 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 1x drummer, 60 soldiers (this would, I think, include n.c.o's.), in 1775 these companies were formed into the "Batallon de Milicias de Nueva Orleans", with 4 companies of fusiliers and 1 of grenadiers. Their uniform was; casaca y calz#65533;n azul; vuelta, solapa, collar#65533;n y chupa encarnada, bot#65533;n dorado.

The Militia Artillery Company in 1775 was composed of 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, 65 corporals and soldiers, uniform was the same as the infantry.

In 1775 the Coloured Militia was made up of a company of Pardos and another of Morenos, each company was composed of; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, 87x corporals and soldiers. Uniform for the Pardos; casaca corta, chupa y calz#65533; blancos, con collar#65533;n, solapas y vueltas de color verde y bot#65533;n de plata, the uniform for the Morenos was the same except; se dispuso el mismo uniforme, pero con el collar#65533;n, solapas y vueltas encarnadas y bot#65533;n dorado.

In the towns of the Province these Companies of Militia were created during 1775;

Costa de Cabahanose: One Company with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, 88 corporals and soldiers.

Fourche de Chetimaches: One Company with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, 100x corporals and soldiers.

Valenzuela: One Company with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 2x sergeants, 60x corporals and soldiers.

Costa de Iberville: One Company with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, 104 corporals and soldiers.

Galvestown: One Company with: 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, 100 corporals and soldiers.

Costa de Punta Cortada: Two Companies with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, 62x corporals and soldiers.

Atakapas: One Company with; 1x captain, 2x lieutenants, 1x sublieutenant, 4x sergeants, 55x corporals and soldiers.

Pelouzas: One Company with; 1x captain, 2x lieutenants, 1x sublieutenant, 2x sergeants, 60x corporals and soldiers.

Nachitoches: One Infantry Company with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 2x sergeants, 60x corporals and soldiers.

One Cavalry Company with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 2x sergeants, 60x corporals and troopers.

Onachita: One Company with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 90 corporals and soldiers.

San Luis de Ilinoa: Two Companies each with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 2x sergeants, 277 corporals and soldiers.

(Could this figure of 277 other ranks mean the total of both companies? Otherwise it is a large amount of men for one company.)
Santa Genoveva de Ilinoa: One Company with; 1x captain, 1xlieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 2x sergeants, 189x corporals and soldiers.

Avaoyees: Half Company with; 1x sublieutenant, 1x sergeant, 33x corporals and soldiers.

Costa de Alemanes: Two Companies each with; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 3x sergeants, the 1st Company had 100x corporals and soldiers, the 2nd had 150x corporals and soldiers.

(These two companies wore the same uniform as for the Militia Battalion of New Orleans.)
Carabineros de Nueva Orleans was created in 1779 from "la genta m#65533;s lucida de la Capital y sus inmediaciones", formed into two companies, each company was composed of; 1x captain, 1x lieutenant, 1x sublieutenant, 2x sergeants, 48 corporals and soldiers. Their uniform was; Uniforme visti#65533; casaca de color de "pulga", chupa, calz#65533;n, collar#65533;n y solapas blancas, ojales con gal#65533;n de oro, bot#65533;n dorado.

Cavalry Company of San Luis, this was created in 1779, it used the same company organisation as the New Orleans Carabineers, its uniforme was; su vistoso uniforme se compon#65533;a de casaca y calz#65533;n encarnado, con collar#65533;n, solapa, vueltas y chupa azul, bot#65533;n dorado.

Sources:
British Forces in North America 1774-1781; Their Distribution and Strength, by C. T. Atkinson, pub. Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, Part 1, Vol. XVI, pp. 3-23.
The 3rd Waldeck Regiment in British Service 1776-1783, by A. W. Haarmann, pub. Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, Vol. XLVIII, No.195, pp.182-6.
Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, by M. M. Boatner, New York, 1966.
The Natchez District and the American Revolution, by R. V. Maynes, pub. Jackson, Miss., 1976.
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Uniforms of the American, British, French, and German Armies in the War of the American Revolution 1775-1783, by C. M. Lefferts, ed. A. J. Wall, reprinted by Old Greenwich, Conn.
Memoir of Major Patrick Murray, published in The Annals of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps, by Lewis Butler, Vol. I, pp.288-319, London 1913.
The Loyalists in West Florida and the Natchez District, by W. H. Siebert, pub. Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. II, No. 4, pp. 465-83.
Peter Chester's Defense of the Mississippi After the Willing Raid, by K. T. Abbey, pub. Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. XXII, No.1, pp.25.
British West Florida 1763-1783, by Cecil Johnson, New Haven, Conn., 1943, pp.209.
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Spain in the Mississippi Valley 1765-1794, edited by Lawrence Kinnaird, pub. Washington D.C., 1949, Vol. II, pp.342-3.
American Penetration into Spanish Louisiana, published in "New Spain and the Anglo-American West: Historical Contributions Presented to Herbert Eugene Bolton", by Lawrence Kinnaird, Lancaster, Penna., 1932, Vol.1, pp.229, & n.4, pp.230.
West Florida: The Capture of Baton Rouge by Galvez, September 21st 1779, pub. Louisiana Historical Quarterly, Vol. XII, April 1929, pp.264-5.
The Natchez District and the American Revolution, by R. V. Haynes, pub. Jackson, Miss., 1976, pp.117, 124-5.
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The Myth of the "Imbecile Governor": Captain Fernando de Leyba and the Defense of St. Louis in 1780, by J. F. McDermott, published in The Spanish in the Mississippi Valley 1762-1804, pub. Urbana Ill., 1974, pp.336-338 n. 27, 373, 379 n. 4, 381 n. 5.
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Colonial Mobile, by P. J. Hamilton, pub. Boston & New York, 1910.
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Bernardo de Galvez in Louisiana 1776-1783, by J. W. Caughey, Berkeley, Calif., 1934, pp.184 & n.33.
The Surrender of Ft. Charlotte, Mobile 1780, by William Beer, pub. American Historical Review, Vol. I, No.4, pp.699.
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Oliver Pollock; The Life and Times of an Unknown Patriot, by J. A. James, pub. New York & London 1937, pp.200.
British West Florida 1763-1783, by Cecil Johnson, pub. New Haven, Conn., 1943, pp.215.
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The Spirit of "Seventy-Six": The Story of the American Revolution as told by Participants, edited by H. S. Commager & R. B. Morris, see sections "Martin Navarro to Jose de Galvez, 18 August 1780", pp.1053, & "Patrick Sinclair to Frederick Haldimand, 17 February 1780", pp.1052.
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Wisconsin in Three Centuries 1634-1905, by H. C. Campbell, New York 1906, Vol.2, pp.102.
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The Spanish Regime in Missouri, edited by Louis Houck, reprint Arno Press, New York 1971, Vol.1, pp.184, 186, & 189.
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The Spanish Louisiana Regiment in the Floridas 1779-1781, by F. F. Llull & J. Hefter, pub. Military Collector & Historian, Vol. XVI, No.3, p.80.

( Typing this up I realised just how little was published and easily accessible to the general reader trying to research this topic, the books I have which relate to this period do not have it, obviously N. Orwin Rush's "Battle of Pensacola" pub. Florida State Press, 1966, has good data but it only covers this event and not the earlier ones. I do have two Spanish books which could be of help, I would presume that the first title "Tropas Virreynales (1) Nueva Espana, Yucatan y Louisiana, by Jose Maria Bueno, is on the bookshelf of most people interested in this period. The other one might be a bit harder to come across, so the data which fall into this period have typed up too, hope its of help. T.D.H. )
El Ejercito de los Borbones, Vol.3, Book 2, by M. G#65533;mez Ruiz and V. Alonso Juanola, pub. Servicio Hist#65533;rico Militar y Museo del Ej#65533;rcito, Madrid, 1992.